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A Goethean Phenomenological Approach
to Science & Biology: Bibliography
This is a partially annotated bibliography of books, book
chapters, and articles, with emphasis on the life sciences.
It includes only English language publications and is by
no means complete; if you have suggestions or corrections
please contact
us.
Many articles by Nature Institute staff and affiliate researchers
are not listed here, since they can be found by referring
to Content Areas and Writings Ordered
by Author.
I. General/Foundations/History
Goethe: Scientific Studies; the
Collected Works, Vol. 12. Edited and translated by
Douglas Miller (Princeton University Press, 1995)
This is probably the most comprehensive collection of Goethe's
scientific writings in the English language at the present.
Goethe on Science: An Anthology
of Goethe's Scientific Writings. Selected and introduced
by Jeremy Nadler (Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1996)
A nice selection of Goethe's writings, often excerpts from
essays and also aphorisms, ordered by themes.
Nature's Open Secret: Introduction
to Goethe's Scientific Writings by Rudolf Steiner.
(Great Barrington, MA: Anthroposophic Press, 2000)
These essays by Steiner, written between 1883 and 1897,
still belong to the most penetrating elucidations of Goethe's
scientific approach.
Goethe's Delicate Empiricism. A special issue of the journal Janus Head that contains many articles on Goethe's approach from a variety of perspectives. Published in 2005. http://www.janushead.org/8-1/index.cfm
Goethe's Way of Science. Edited
by David Seamon and Arthur Zajonc (Albany, NY: SUNY Press,
1998)
This excellent collection of essays by contemporary authors
considers both the philosophy of a Goethean approach to
science and examples of practical application in different
fields.
The Wholeness of Nature by
Henri Bortoft (Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Press,
1996)
A masterful philosophical introduction to a Goethean approach
to science.
Goethe and the Sciences: A Reappraisal.
Edited by Frederick Amrine et al. (D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1987)
This volume contains many excellent discussions of Goethe's
approach to science.
Goethe's Science of Living Form: The Artistic Stages by Nigel Hoffmann (Ghent, NY: Adonis Press, 2007)
The Marriage of Sense and Thought
by Stephen Edelglass, Georg Maier, Hans Gerbert, John Davy
(Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Press, 1997)
A clear and concise discussion of a phenomena-based approach
to science.
The Organism by Kurt Goldstein
(New York: Zone Books, 1995)
Goldstein's main work, describing his holistic approach
to science; most of the examples are drawn from neurobiology.
A classic.
Toward a Phenomenology of the Etheric
World. Edited by Jochen Bockemühl (Great Barrington,
MA: Anthroposophic Press, 1985)
The contributions in this volume explore different applications
of the Goethean approach in biology and physics. The contributions
were written for an audience familiar with Rudolf Steiner's
anthroposophy.
The Vortex of Life - Nature's Patterns
in Space and Time by Lawrence Edwards (Edinburgh:
Floris Books, 1993)
The Will to Create: Goethe's Philosophy of Nature
by Astrida Orle Tantillo (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press,
2002)
The Romantic Conception of Life:
Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe by Robert
J. Richards (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002)
II. Botany
The Metamorphosis of Plants
by J.W. von Goethe (Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2009). This new edition
contains beautiful color photographs and an introduction by Gordon Miller.
Available from
MIT Press
Goethe's Botanical Writings
by J.W. von Goethe, translated by Bertha Mueller (Woodbridge,
CT: Ox Bow Press, 1989)
Awakening to Landscape by
Jochen Bockemühl (Dornach, Switz.: Natural Science
Section, Goetheanum)
In Partnership with Nature by
Jochen Bockemühl (Wyoming, RI: Biodynamic Literature,
1981)
Metamorphosis of Plants
by Jochen Bockemühl & Andreas Suchanke. (Cape Town:
Novalis Press, 1995)
A New Eye for Plants by
M. Colquhoun & A. Ewald. (Stroud, UK: Hawthorn Press,
1996)
The Plant, Vol. I &
II by G. Grohman (Kimberton, PA: Biodynamic Farming and
Gardening Assoc., 1989)
The Living World of Plants: A Book
for Children and Students of Nature by G. Grohman
(Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA, 1999)
Planetary Influences upon Plants
by E.M. Kranich (Wyoming, RI: Biodynamic Literature,
1984)
About Formative Forces in Plants
by Dick von Romunde (Jannebeth Roell, 2003)
III. Zoology
Man and Mammals by Wolfgang
Schad (New York: Waldorf Press, 1977)
The Flexible Giant: Seeing the
Elephant Whole by Craig Holdrege (Ghent, NY: The
Nature Insitute, 2003)
"Horns, Hooves, Spots, and
Stripes: Form and Pattern in Mammals" by Mark
Riegner. In Orion vol. 4, pp. 22-35 (1985)
Essays in Philosophical Zoology:
The Living Form and the Seeing Eye by Adolf Portmann,
Problems in Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 20 (Lewiston,
NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991)
Animal Forms and Patterns
by Adolf Portmann (New York: Schocken Books, 1967)
IV. Human Biology
Functional Morphology: The Dynamic Wholeness of the Human Organism by Johannes Rohen (Ghent, NY: Adonis Press, 2007)
The Dynamic Heart and Circulation.
Edited by Craig Holdrege (Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA, 2002)
Living With Your Body by
Walther Buehler (London: Rudolf Steiner Press, 1996)
The Louis Bolk Institute in the Netherlands publishes "Bolk
Companions to the Study of Medicine" on topics
such as anatomy, physiology, embryology, and biochemistry.
They place the multitude of facts in medical textbooks in
context with the help of a phenomenological approach.
http://www.louisbolk.nl/e/publications/compan.htm
V. Ecology
The Earth's Face by E. Pfeiffer
(East Grinstead, UK: The Langthorn Press, 1988)
Eco-Geography by Andreas
Suchantke (Hudson, NY: Anthroposophic Press, 2001)
Moon Rhythms in Nature by
Klaus-Peter Endres and Wolfgang Schad (Edinburgh: Floris
Books, 1997)
"Toward a Holistic Understanding
of Place: Reading a Landscape Through its Flora and Fauna"
by Mark Riegner. In Dwelling, Seeing, and Designing,
D. Seamon, ed. (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1993)
VI. Genetics and Genetic Engineering
Genetics and the Manipulation of
Life by Craig Holdrege (Hudson, NY: Lindisfarne Press,
1996)
Beyond Biotechnology by Craig Holdrege and Steve Talbott (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2008). To order this book from our bookstore, click here.
Genetic Engineering and the Intrinsic
Value and Integrity of Animals and Plants,
Proceedings of a Workshop at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
UK 18-21 September 2002.
Edited by David Heaf & Johannes Wirz (Ifgene, 2002)
The Future of DNA. Edited
by Johannes Wirz and Edith Lammerts von Bueren (Dordrecht:
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997)
"Progress Toward Complementarity in
Genetics" by Johannes Wirz.
Here is a list of
online resources
relating to genetically engineered
organisms—particularly their risks, regulation,
and use.
VII. Evolution
Metamorphosis: Evolution in Action by
Andreas Suchantke (Ghent, NY: Adonis Press, 2009)
Thinking Beyond Darwin by E.M. Kranich
(Hudson, NY: Lindisfarne Press, 1999)
Developmental Dynamics by J. Verhulst
(Ghent, NY: Adonis Press, 2003)
Rosslenbroich, Bernd (2009). “The Theory of Increasing Autonomy in
Evolution: A Proposal for Understanding Macroevolutionary Innovations,”
Biology and Philosophy vol. 24, pp. 623-44.
doi:10.1007/s10539-009-9167-9
The Spirit in Human Evolution by Martyn
Rawson (Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA, 2003)
Hope, Evolution, and Change by John Davy
(Stroud, UK: Hawthorn Press, 1986)
Childhood and Human Evolution by Friedrich
Kipp (Ghent, NY: Adonis Press, 2005)
VIII. Color and Light
Theory of Colours by Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970; reprint
of original English translation from 1840)
Catching the Light by Arthur
Zajonc (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)
Goethe Contra Newton: Polemics
and the Project for a New Science of Color by Dennis
L. Sepper (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988)
"Exploratory Experimentation:
Goethe, Land, and Color Theory" by Neil Ribe
and Friedrich Steinle. In Physics Today, July 2002
(http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_55/iss_7/43_1.shtml)
"Goethe's Theory of Color
and Scientific Intuition" by Arthur Zajonc.
In American Journal of Physics vol. 44, p. 327ff. (1976)
"Goethe's Colour Experiments"
by Michael Wilson. In Yearbook of the Physical Society,
London (1958)
IX. Astronomy
Sky Phenomena: A Guide to Naked
Eye Observation of the Stars by Norman Davidson (Hudson,
NY: Lindisfarne Press, 1993)
Astronomy: An Introduction
by Hermann von Baravalle (Fair Oaks, CA: Rudolf Steiner
College Press, 2000)
X. General Physics
Forming Concepts in Physics
by Georg Unger (Spring Valley, NY: Parker Courtney Press,
1995)
XI. Fluid Dynamics
Sensitive Chaos by Theodore
Schwenk (New York: Schocken Books, 1978)
Water: The Element of Life
by Theodore Schwenk and Wolfram Schwenk (Hudson, NY: Anthroposophic
Press, 1989)
XII. Teaching Phenomenological Science and Mathematics
A Phenomena-Based Physics.
Manfred v. Mackensen (Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA, 1994)
Vol. 1: Grade Six; Vol. 1: Grade 7; Vol. 3: Grade 8.
Phenomenological Organic Chemistry. Manfred v. Mackensen (Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA, 2009), Class 9 Chemistry
Sensible Physics Teaching by Michael D'Aleo and Stephan Edelglass (Spring Valley,
NY: Parker Courtney Press, 1999); for grades 6-8.
Fundamentals for Phenomenological
Study of Chemistry by Frits Julius (Fair Oaks, CA:
AWSNA, 2000); for grades 10-12
The Wonders of Waldorf Chemistry.
David Mitchell (Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA, 2001); for grades
7-9
Topics in Mathematics for the 10th Grade (Lesson Plan Initiative of the Pedagogical Research, 2008) .
Topics in Mathematics for the 11th Grade (Fair Oaks, CA: AWSNA)
Many articles on phenomenological science as taught in
Waldorf Schools can be found in the Waldorf
Science Newsletter; past issues can be ordered from
AWSNA Publications:
http://www.awsna.org/publicationsren.html
Links to Other Organizations and
Websites:
Here are some links to organizations that have programs
inspired by the Goethean phenomenological approach to
science.
Goethean Perspectives in Science
Goetheanum - The Natural Science
Section, Dornach, Switzerland
http://www.forschungsinstitut.ch/
This organization maintains a large language bibliography
of articles and books in German on a Goethean approach to
science, including scientific work inspired by Rudolf
Steiner's anthroposophy.
Ifgene: International Forum for
Genetic Engineering
http://www.science.anth.org.uk/ifgene
The Louis Bolk Institute
http://www.louisbolk.nl/e/index.htm
Regarding Landscapes
http://regarding-landscapes.com
School of Nature
http://www.schoolofnature.org
Goethean Perspectives in Social Science
The Proteus Initiative,
Constantia, South Africa
http://www.proteusinitiative.org/
Members of the Proteus Initiative have taken up the understanding
and methods developed by Goethe for working with organic phenomena and
applied them to complex social and developmental processes.
Owen Barfield: Meaning, Science, and the Evolution of
Consciousness
A summary of some of Owen Barfield's thought
http://netfuture.org/fdnc/appa.html
Owen Barfield Literary Estate
http://owenbarfield.org
Owen Barfield World Wide Website
http://davidlavery.net/barfield
The Barfield Society
http://barfieldsociety.org
To Order or Borrow Books concerning Goethean,
Phenomenological Science:
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