Type of Nontarget Effect: Physiological
alfalfa_001:
Alfalfa with corn transgenes for anthocyanin (red-purple pigment)
production was not visibly altered or changed dependent on different
light and temperature conditions.
apple_001:
Apples over-expressing a fruit-ripening enzyme lacked flowers and had
malformed stomata and altered composition of cell walls.
arabidopsis_001:
Plants producing a biodegradable polyester were smaller, never produced
seeds and showed severe changes in metabolism.
arabidopsis_002:
Suppression of DHS enzyme in Arabidopsis (a mustard plant)
was associated with enlarged leaves, greater root mass, and enhanced
seed yield.
arabidopsis_003:
Overexpression of phytoene synthase gene in Arabidopsis resulted
in delayed germination, increased levels of chlorophyll, and changes in
relative levels of carotenoids.
barley_001:
Barley expressing a heat-stable enzyme showed highly variable expression
of the enzyme, an anomalous distribution of expression in the grain,
and dramatically reduced weight of individual grains.
canola_001:
Canola plants over-expressing a bacterial phytoene synthase gene also
had a reduced level of chlorophyll, changed structure of plastids,
changed composition of fatty acids, and delayed germination.
canola_004:
Pigs fed GM canola had reduced daily weight gain and the canola had
higher concentrations of undesirable substances.
cotton_001:
Bt cotton showed decreased ability to kill cotton bollworm larvae
during flower development and flowering.
cotton_002:
Bt cotton had altered protein metabolism and produced less
insecticidal toxin in leaves when subjected to high temperatures during
boll formation.
maize_001:
Bt maize has higher lignin content.
maize_005:
Bt maize varieties matured more slowly and had on average lower
grain yield and higher grain moisture content than conventional varieties.
maize_006:
Bt maize had changed lipid composition in stems; also, lipid
composition in soil was altered, and soil respiration was reduced.
pea_001:
Mice fed with transgenic weevil-resistant peas showed immune reaction
while pigs and chickens had reduced starch digestion.
pineapple_001:
Pineapple plants with transgenes for fungus and herbicide resistance
had altered biochemical make-up.
potato_001:
Potatoes with altered sugar metabolism had changed levels of many
metabolites, some not thought to be associated with sugar metabolism.
potato_002:
Inulin-storing potatoes had higher alkaloid content and pigs fed on them
had reduced daily weight gain.
potato_003:
Potatoes genetically modified to store more starch stored less starch.
potato_004:
Insect-resistant transgenic potatoes had less foliage and altered levels
of leaf-glycoalkaloids.
potato_005:
Potatoes with transgene for virus resistance were variably resistant, and
some lines without the target gene nevertheless became highly resistant.
root_nodule_bacteria_001:
Root nodule bacteria with Bt transgene tended to displace non-manipulated
bacteria in legume root nodules.
soybean_001:
Herbicide-resistant soybean plants were shorter, with less chlorophyll,
lower weight, and increased susceptibility to stem-splitting at high
temperatures.
soybean_003:
Glyphosate-resistant soybeans exuded glyphosate, carbohydrates, and
amino acids into the soil and affected the microorganism soil community.
tobacco_002:
Transgenic tobacco with resistance to bleaching herbicides had altered
composition of carotenoids.
tomato_001:
Tomato plants overexpressing phytoene synthase gene were stunted in growth.
tomato_002:
Flavonol-enriched tomatoes had altered levels of at least fifteen other
substances.
tomato_003:
Suppression of DHS gene in tomatoes was associated with lack of
fruiting, altered leaf morphology, higher rate of photosynthesis and
other changes.
tomato_004:
Transgenic tomatoes altered with a marker gene construct showed
significant changes in morphological and physiological characteristics.
wheat_001:
Wheat transformed with a high-molecular-weight glutenin gene showed
irregular expression of glutenin and changed its expression levels over
subsequent generations.
wheat_002:
Wheat with transgene for low-molecular-weight glutenin showed anomalies
in glutenin production and some plants had reduced levels of other
storage proteins.
wheat_003:
Spring wheat with scab-resistance transgene was not scab resistant and
showed localized death of leaf tissue.
wheat_004:
Wheat expressing transgenic glutenin shows reduction in yield, varying
production of glutenin, and altered morphology.