Type of Nontarget Effect: Morphological
apple_001:
Apples over-expressing a fruit-ripening enzyme lacked flowers and had
malformed stomata and altered composition of cell walls.
arabidopsis_001:
Plants producing a biodegradable polyester were smaller, never produced
seeds and showed severe changes in metabolism.
arabidopsis_002:
Suppression of DHS enzyme in Arabidopsis (a mustard plant)
was associated with enlarged leaves, greater root mass, and enhanced
seed yield.
barley_001:
Barley expressing a heat-stable enzyme showed highly variable expression
of the enzyme, an anomalous distribution of expression in the grain,
and dramatically reduced weight of individual grains.
canola_001:
Canola plants over-expressing a bacterial phytoene synthase gene also
had a reduced level of chlorophyll, changed structure of plastids,
changed composition of fatty acids, and delayed germination.
dandelion_001:
Dandelions manipulated to have compound leaves showed irregular leaf form
and did not flower.
potato_004:
Insect-resistant transgenic potatoes had less foliage and altered levels
of leaf-glycoalkaloids.
soybean_001:
Herbicide-resistant soybean plants were shorter, with less chlorophyll,
lower weight, and increased susceptibility to stem-splitting at high
temperatures.
sugarcane_001:
Lectin transgene for stemborer resistance alters growth of sugarcane.
tomato_001:
Tomato plants overexpressing phytoene synthase gene were stunted in growth.
tomato_003:
Suppression of DHS gene in tomatoes was associated with lack of
fruiting, altered leaf morphology, higher rate of photosynthesis and
other changes.
tomato_004:
Transgenic tomatoes altered with a marker gene construct showed
significant changes in morphological and physiological characteristics.
wheat_003:
Spring wheat with scab-resistance transgene was not scab resistant and
showed localized death of leaf tissue.
wheat_004:
Wheat expressing transgenic glutenin shows reduction in yield, varying
production of glutenin, and altered morphology.