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Nontarget Effects of Genetic Manipulation

Target Effect: Insect Resistance

Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor

pea_001: Mice fed with transgenic weevil-resistant peas showed immune reaction while pigs and chickens had reduced starch digestion.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

cotton_001: Bt cotton showed decreased ability to kill cotton bollworm larvae during flower development and flowering.

cotton_002: Bt cotton had altered protein metabolism and produced less insecticidal toxin in leaves when subjected to high temperatures during boll formation.

maize_001: Bt maize has higher lignin content.

maize_002: Atlantic salmon fed Bt corn had altered enzyme activity in liver and intestine as well as altered proportions and numbers of different white blood cells.

maize_003: Monarch butterfly larvae exposed to anthers from Bt maize ate less and gained less weight.

maize_004: Byproducts from Bt maize enter streams, and in feeding experiments affected stream insects.

maize_005: Bt maize varieties matured more slowly and had on average lower grain yield and higher grain moisture content than conventional varieties.

maize_006: Bt maize had changed lipid composition in stems; also, lipid composition in soil was altered, and soil respiration was reduced.

potato_004: Insect-resistant transgenic potatoes had less foliage and altered levels of leaf-glycoalkaloids.

root_nodule_bacteria_001: Root nodule bacteria with Bt transgene tended to displace non-manipulated bacteria in legume root nodules.

sunflower_001: Wild sunflowers with transgene for Bt toxin produced more seeds than normal wild sunflowers.

Lectin

sugarcane_001: Lectin transgene for stemborer resistance alters growth of sugarcane.


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